![]() In top-down processing, the brain uses hypotheses or theories to fill in the blanks. The opposite of reductionism is holism theory, which is the theory for “top-down” processing. However, in the real world, these two strategies dynamically interact to help us understand the world around us.īottom-up is a reductionist theory, meaning it starts by observing a concept’s most basic parts. The two theories are typically taught side-by-side.įor many years, research on bottom-up and top-down processes have been conducted separately. the brain creates a perception via these signalsĪ few years after the concept of bottom-up processing emerged, British psychologist Richard Gregory proposed “top-down” processing as bottom-up’s counterpart.sensory receptors send signals to the brain.Overall, bottom-up processing involves the following steps: ![]() Your perception didn’t require prior knowledge that anyone was baking cookies. To determine this, you didn’t need any other context or information - you simply used the sweet smell (the stimulus or raw data) to make your analysis. ![]() It’s called “bottom-up” because it begins with the external stimulus - such as a tree or the smell of cookies - and then that sensory information moves to the brain for analysis.įor instance, if you suddenly detect a sweet chocolaty smell wafting through the house, you might then determine that someone in your home is baking chocolate chip cookies. ![]() This process is considered one of the core ways we understand the world around us. “Bottom-up” processing is a psychological strategy first defined in the 1960s by American psychologist James J Gibson. ![]()
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